RESEARCH & PUBLICATIONS

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From Past to Present

SCFCan's Research & Publications

SCFCan’s founders, former students and research staff have conducted many years of research, design and development largely at, or in association with, the University of Guelph and the University of Alberta. Many outcomes have been published or presented in various forms.

Publications have been organized based on their contribution to supercritical fluid technology development. The categories are, measurement of fundamental properties, proof of concepts, process scale-up, system safety and control, model development and economic evaluation. Clicking on a category will take you to the public domain publications associated with that category.

Measurement of Fundamental Properties

Fundamental properties are essential to all elements of technology development. Our contributions have addressed a wide range of experimental measurements of thermodynamic and mass transfer properties.

Proof of Concepts

Our proof of concepts work has included the ability to recover many different compounds from many different feed streams.  In addition, we have proven several different equipment elements core to our supercritical technology.

Process Scale-Up

Process scale-up work has included bench-scale batch systems, bench-scale continuous systems and a pilot-scale fully continuous SFE system.  Each of these have been key steps towards commercializing our technology.

Process Safety & Control

Safety considerations have been an important element in all experimental and process scale-up work. HAZOP and FEMA studies have been active. Process control plays an important role in safety but also in effective operation and performance. Control system elements have been developed in addition to controller design through to user interfaces.

Model Development

Model development transcends the technology development process.  Models support extraction of fundamental properties in useful forms for further modelling. Steady state models serve to aid overall system design, component specifications and energy requirements. Unsteady state models are essential for system control and operation. Hydrodynamic models form a foundation for the unsteady state models.

Economic Evaluation

This is a vital component of technology development required to be active at each stage. Solubility data provide a lower limit on the required supercritical flow. This provides the basis for a minimum operating cost estimate associated with recirculating CO2 flow. Mass transfer coefficients provide a basis for initial equipment sizing and thereby a beginning capital cost estimate. Our full system models have integrated in capital cost estimation and energy/operating cost estimation.

Measurement of Fundamental Properties

  • Gray D.J., Zytner R.G., Stiver W.H. 1995. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide - Soil Partition Coefficients, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 8:149-155.
  • Pratte T.S., Guigard, S., Zytner, R.G., Stiver, W.H. 1996. Influence of Water on Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Proc. 51st Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, V.51, p. 95-105.
  • Guigard S., Hayward G.H., Zytner R.G., Stiver W.H. 1998. A New Technique for Measuring Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids: Application to the Measurement of Metal Chelate Solubilities, Proc. 5th Meeting on Supercritical Fluids: Materials and Natural Products Processing, Nice, France.
  • Smyth T.J., Zytner R.G., Stiver W.H. 1999. Influence of Water on the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Naphthalene from Soil, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B67:183-196.
  • Guigard S.E., Hayward G.L., Zytner R.G., Stiver W.H. 2001. Measurement of Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids using a Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 187-188:233-246.
  • Seifried B., Guigard S.E. 2003. Measurement Of Solubilities of Metal Chelates in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Versailles, France.
  • Street C., Guigard S., Kapila M., Smith A., Bingham R., Stiver W. 2013. Mass Transfer Coefficients for the Removal of Oil from Drill Cuttings Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Proc. 10th Conference on Supercritical Fluids and their Applications, Naples, Italy.

Proof of Concepts

  • Guigard S.E., LaPlante T., Stiver W.H., Zytner R.G. 1999. Soil Remediation using Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Environmental Research and Technology Development Forum for the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
  • Odusanya O., Guigard, S.E. 2001. Treatment of Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Drilling Waste Management Forum, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
  • Savoie N., Guigard S.E. 2001. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Metals from Soils, Proc. 6th Conference on Supercritical Fluids and their Applications, Maiori, Italy.
  • Odusanya O.O. 2003. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Treatment of Oil Contaminated Drill Cuttings. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Nagpal V., Guigard S.E. 2003. Remediation Of Flare Pit Soils Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Versailles, France.
  • Fortin M., Stiver W. 2003. Fully-Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Naphthalene from Soil Slurries, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Versailles, France, p. 481.
  • Forsyth, V.C. 2006. Fully-Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction of PAHs from Soil Slurries. MSc Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  • Lopez-Gomez J.J. 2006. The Use of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Treatment of Oil Contaminated Drilling Waste. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Ryan M., Stiver W. 2007. A Fully-Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for Contaminated Soil, Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 85:233-239.
  • Street C.G., Tesche C., Guigard S.E. 2007. Treatment of Hydrocarbon-Based Drilling Waste Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, SPE E&P Environmental and Safety Conference, Galveston, Texas, USA.
  • Guigard S.E., Stiver W.H. 2008. Supercritical Fluid Extraction: A Non-Aqueous Technology for the Extraction of Bitumen from Oil Sands, Proc. World Heavy Oil Congress, Edmonton, Canada.
  • Fang Y. 2010. Extraction of Hydrocarbons from Oil sand using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. MSc. Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Jones C.R. 2010. Treatment of Oily Drill Cuttings Slurries using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • La H., Guigard, S.E. 2015. Extraction of Hydrocarbons from Athabasca Oil sand Slurry using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, V. 100, p. 146.
  • Cossey H.L. 2018. Extraction of Hydrocarbons from Bitumen and Bitumen-containing Process and Process Waste Streams using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. MSc. Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Cossey H.L., Guigard S.E., Underwood E., Stiver, W.H., McMillan J., Bhattacharya S. 2019. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bitumen using Chemically Modified Carbon Dioxide. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 154:104599.
  • Yu E.H. 2021. Initial Solubility Measurements of Bitumen Cuts in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. MSc. Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Process Scale-Up

  • Roodpeyma M. 2017. Development, Modelling and Control of a Continuous Pilot Scale Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Street C. 2020. Construction, Operation, and Performance Evaluation of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process for the Recovery of Hydrocarbons from Drill Cuttings. PhD Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Process Safety & Control

  • Rosenthal A. 2012. Safe Design of a Continuous Supercritical Extraction System for the Extraction of Drilling Fluid from Drill Cuttings. MSc Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  • Roodpeyma M., Guigard S.E., Stiver W.H. 2018. Pressure Control of a Continuous Pilot Scale Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) Process, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 135:120-129.

Model Development

  • Rahmé Z., Zytner R.G., Stiver W.H. 1995. Kinetic Model for the Supercritical Extraction of Contaminants from Soil, in Innovations in Supercritical Fluids: Science and Technology, Hutchenson K.W., Foster N.R. Eds., ACS Symposium Series #608, Washington D.C., Chapter 20, p. 298-312.
  • Smyth, T. 1996. The Influence of Water on the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Naphthalene from Soil. MSc Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
  • Guigard S.E., Stiver W.H. 1998. A Density-Dependent Solute Solubility Parameter for Correlating Solubilities in Supercritical Fluids, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 37:3786-3792.
  • Stiver W.H., Guigard S.E., Beausoleil P. 2000. Predicting Ternary Solubilities using a Solubility Parameter Approach, Proc. 5th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
  • Street C.G. 2008. Extraction of Hydrocarbons from Drilling Waste Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. MSc Thesis, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Roodpeyma M., Street C., Guigard S.E., Stiver W.H. 2018. A Hydrodynamic Model of a Continuous Supercritical Fluid Extraction System for the Treatment of Oil Contaminated Solids, Separation Science and Technology, 53:44-60.
  • Stiver W.H. 2021. Chrastil Revisited for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 177:105348
  • Roodpeyma M., Street C., Guigard S.E., Stiver W.H. 2022. A Real Time Simulator of a Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) System, Proc. 13th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Montreal, Canada.

Economic Evaluation

  • Rampley G., Stiver W. 2003. Optimizing Supercritical Fluid Extraction Systems, Proc. 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Versailles, France, p. 611.